英语常见名词考点透析直接总结
一、单、复数名词的正确使用
   [例] They have all sorts of course. 
  [析] 英语中，名词有单数、复数或不可数的形式。本题中的course是可数名词，意指“课程”，故应用复数形式courses。
二、仅以复数形式出现的名词
  [例] Happy birthday, Peter, and many happy return of the day! (2000安徽春考·改错)
  [析] Many happy returns of the day! 是一句固定的生日祝语，相当于汉语的“祝你年年有今日，岁岁有今朝!”returns 在此处便是约定俗成的用法。
  除这一结构外，像shake hands with (= shake sb’s hand), make friends with和change seats / trains / buses等常用的结构，及thanks, cheers, congratulations, things(情况), affairs, feelings, as follows(如下), in tears, in ruins, in pieces, in chains(被囚禁), in high spirits, in one’s teens / twenties, in the 1990’s (或in the 1990s), into halves, good manners, give one’s regards / best wishes to, make contributions to, make preparations for等，也都是常用或只用复数的名词式。
三、纯粹不可数名词的使用
  [例] I’m glad you have made such a great progress that...

  [析] 在英语中，有些名词, 如advice(建议), news, information, fun, weather, progress, homework, housework等，无论在什么情况下都是不可数的，所以这些词没有复数形式，也不可把其与不定冠词连用。可见，such a great progress 使用有误(须改为such great progress)。再例： She was doing her homeworks one Sunday morning when she smelt something burning. 由于homework为不可数名词，所以，作业再多，也无复数。

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四、转义名词的考查热点
  [例] When you finish reading the book, you will have ______ better understanding of ______ life
  A. a; the        B. the; a    C. 不填; the     D. a; 不填
[析] 本题旨在考查考生对understanding和life这两个名词可数性的界定：understanding已为转义用法，life在此泛指“人生”，是不可数名词，故而便可正确选用冠词。
  转义名词主要分为两类：①把抽象意义转化为具体意义，因而赋予其可数功能;②把具体意义的名词抽象化，从而赋予其不可数性。
  转义名词一直是高考测试的热点。其考查主要出现在单项和短文改错题中。其常考热点如下：
  (1)抽象转具体： pleasure, surprise, help, success, failure, danger, difficulty, wonder等意为“...的人 / 物”。如： The meeting is a success.
  (2)抽象转具体： worry, honor, disaster, rain, snow, fog, wind, gas, fire, crop, coffee, tea, food等，指“一种”、“一场”及“多种”、“多场”时，有其单、复数形式。如：There have been strong winds over the last two months.
  (3)抽象转具体： a need, a discovery, a love, a good time, a collection of, a knowledge of, a history of, a population of, an area of, an understanding of等已形成固定形式。如： He has a good practical knowledge of computer science
(4)具体转抽象： school, college, hospital, court, prison, bed, table, church等，都是可数名词，可以有具体的意义，如a school, three schools。再例如：
  When you come here for your holiday next time, don't go to _____ hotel; I can find you _____ bed in my flat. 
  A. the; a      B. the; 不填 C. a; the      D. a; 不填
  但是，在不用冠词、不用复数，而只突出与之有关的活动时，它们便失去了具体意义。如： go to school, at table等。 再例如：
  When he left ______ college, he got a job as ______ reporter in a newspaper office. 
  A. 不填; a      B. 不填; the  C. a; the       D. the; the
  (5)具体转抽象： day, night, morning, noon, evening, night等用指天色时，表达抽象概念(注意其前不用冠词)。如： Day may break now, for the birds are singing outside.

Have you ever had times questioning yourself and feeling discouraged? If you answer yes, what you've experienced is negative self­talk.  1  ．You say to yourself untrue things like, “I'm not good enough.I'm a disappointment.” These false beliefs stop us in our tracks.So, how do you stop the negative self­talk?
•  2  
Know you're special.You are “One of a Kind”！ There is no other person that thinks exactly like you.When you begin to sincerely believe how special you are, it's easier to fight the negative self­talk.
•Change your associations
Your negative self­talk comes from your environment.You didn't just accidentally wake up one day thinking of bad things about yourself.It may be because someone, somewhere in your life has told you negative things about you and whether you accept it or not, you believe them.However, if you surround yourself with the right people, they will build you up, inspire you and make you feel better.  3  ．
•Change your dialogue
Read and say all the wonderful things about yourself at least 5 times per day.Look at yourself in the mirror and say, “I am amazing！”   4  ， and you'll believe you are awesome pretty soon.
Of course, there are other things to stop negative self­talk.  5  ， but if you are determined to think positively in every situation, that will bring a positive change in your life.
A．Think the same way
B．Change is not easy
C．Change your position
D．It begins in your brain
E．Change your state of mind
F．You'll seek out the right people to help change your thoughts
G．You'll start to believe the great things they tell you little by little
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何停止消极的自我对话。
1．D [空前一句是说如果你的答案是肯定的，那么你所经历的就是消极的自我对话。空后是说你对自己说一些不真实的情况，由此可推知，D项“它始于你的大脑”衔接上下文，符合语境。]
2．E [根据文章结构和空处所处位置可知，空处为本段的小标题。本段内容都是在描述一个人好的心态的表现，故E项“改变你的心态”最能概括本段内容。]
3．G [根据空前一句“然而，如果你结交了正确的人，他们会让你振作起来，激励你，让你感觉更好”可知，G项“你会开始逐渐地相信他们告诉你的美好的事情”衔接上文，符合语境。]
4．A [空前一句是说看着镜子中的自己对自己说“我太棒了”，空后是说你很快就会相信你很棒，由此可知A项符合语境。]
5．B [空后表示“但如果你决心在任何情况下都积极思考，这将给你的生活带来积极的改变”。其中but为表转折意义的提示词，故B项“改变并不容易”符合语境，衔接下文。]

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